Unfortunately, there is little evidence of the Urartu kingdom today in Iran, Armenia, and Turkey. However, there are few ruins strewn over the area that supply us with some information. The ruins of an Urartian stronghold, for example, can be found not far from Yerevan, Armenia’s current capital. We might deduce from this that the civilization’s forts were surrounded by massive stone walls with solid foundations.
Historians have also learned more about Urartu thanks to a small number of surviving texts. At first glance, it appears that the culture used primitive pictograms to communicate. However, the culture adopted the cuneiform writing system from neighboring Mesopotamia over time. This evolved into its own distinct form.